The Hamilton and Alexandra College · Year 12 · 2026

The [Mock-ups sibling of this page](From%20SRS%20to%20Detailed%20Designs%20-%20Mock-ups) traces a *screen* back to a requirement. This page traces the **data and logic** the same way, using the same real project — `vsd-sat-grader`, the SAT folio grader your teacher actually built.

C05-1 asks for four data/logic design tools: a **data dictionary**, **IPO charts**, **pseudocode**, and **object descriptions**. The trap is to treat them as four separate deliverables you grind out one after another. They are not. They are **four views of one design**, and the proof is simple: a single sentence from your SRS shows up in all four of them.

Here is that sentence. It is from §7 (Data model) of the real SRS, quoted exactly:

That one rule — *store the inputs, compute everything you can derive from them* — is the spine of this page. We follow it through all four tools, then through the built UI, and you will see the same idea each time wearing a different costume.

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The SRS data model is the source. Each design tool is a different lens on it, and each lens also surfaces in the app you can run.

The four tools answer four questions about the *same* truth — and because the SRS forbids storing derived values, every tool has to agree on which values those are. Disagreement between tools is a design bug. Agreement is traceability.

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We will now walk the one SRS sentence through every tool, quoting each artefact's own wording so you can see the rule restated in each language.

A few of its rows:

| Value | Derivation | Example |

| --- | --- | --- |

| Total 1 | Sum of criterion results for C01–C05 (Unit 3 Outcome 2) | `15` |

| Total 2 | Sum of criterion results for C06–C10 (Unit 4 Outcome 1) | `0` |

| Rank | Cohort summary row order: sorted by Total, descending | top row |

Now look at the built Leaderboard. Those rows are not abstractions — they are columns on screen:


The column headers **Total 1 (C01–C05)**, **Total 2 (C06–C10)** and **Total** are the three data-dictionary rows above, made visible. And the **row order is the derived "Rank"**: Cohen (Total 15) sits above Connor (Total 9) because the table is "sorted by Total, descending" — the app never stores a rank number, it sorts and the position *is* the rank.

The object descriptions say the same thing in object-oriented language. Teaching point 3, quoted exactly:

So the data dictionary's "stored vs derived" split is the object model's "attribute vs method" split. `final` carries `()` nowhere — it is a value you keep. `calculated()` carries `()` — it is a value you *compute on demand* and throw away.

The data dictionary says a calculated score *is* derived. The object model says `calculated()` is a method. The pseudocode says **how**. Algorithm 1 derives it, hop by hop, for Cohen's C03 (`[8, 7]`, weights `[60, 40]`):

- For each scored indicator, add `indicatorScore × weight` to `totalWeighted` and `weight` to `totalWeight`: `8 × 60 = 480`, `7 × 40 = 280`, so `totalWeighted = 760`, `totalWeight = 100`.

- `weighted ← totalWeighted / totalWeight` → `760 / 100 = 7.6`.

- `RETURN RoundHalfUp(weighted)` → `7.6 → 8`.

Nothing in that algorithm reads a stored score. It reads the **inputs** (indicator scores, weights) and derives the result fresh every time — exactly what "computed, never stored" demands.

The IPO charts have an event row that only makes sense if derived values are never stored. Quoted exactly from the event-level table:

And a sibling row:

If the calculated score were stored, you would have to save it before it could update. Because it is derived, the app can **recompute it on every keystroke**. Here is the Grade tab where both rows fire:


The **7-8 band is highlighted in orange** because `band_of(8)` returns the `7-8` band — that highlight is the `band_of` IPO output rendered on screen. As you type a score, `live_summary` re-derives the criterion score behind the Score tab. Neither value is written to disk until you Save; both are derived live. That is the IPO chart's restatement of the same one rule.

Four tools, four costumes, one sentence. That is what "four views of one design" means.

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Above, the guidance was full. Below, it fades: each tool gets a short section that names *which requirement it answers*, then ends with **one question** for you to take into your design log.

FR2 quoted exactly:

"One file per student" is why the data dictionary's §4 documents a single **student record** shape (`student`, `grades`, `comment`, `advice`) rather than a database schema. SRS §7 shows that record as YAML frontmatter; the data dictionary gives each field a type, format, example and validation rule. The frontmatter shape *is* the data dictionary, written out as a file.

You met **context diagrams** back in C02 — one process, the external entities around it, the data flowing in and out. The IPO charts pick up exactly there. The system-level IPO row is built straight from the context diagram:

| Input | Process | Output |

| --- | --- | --- |

| Indicator scores + evidence, cross-mark + note, final score + note, report comments (Teacher 1); AI suggested score + evidence (Claude Code, via markdown) | Grade each criterion per indicator; weight indicator scores into calculated criterion scores; support reconciliation; aggregate cohort totals | Rubric descriptors, calculated scores with working, reconcile view, cohort summary (Teacher 1); evidence + rubric + scores as markdown (to Claude Code); final scores + report (to School Report System) |

The external entities from the context diagram (Teacher 1, Claude Code, the School Report System) reappear here as the *sources* of inputs and the *destinations* of outputs.

Here is one clean event row — `band_of`, the band highlight you saw on the Grade tab:

| Event (trigger) | Input | Process | Output |

| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Indicator score → change ×4 | Indicator score | `band_of` — Which rubric band a score falls in. | Band |

The big `refresh` row — the one fired by changing student or criterion — has an Output column listing every component on every tab (`Grade 1, Grade 2, … Cohort summary`). It is auto-generated and gloriously long, so it is not reproduced here. Read it in the [full ipo-charts.md on GitHub](https://github.com/vce-soft-dev/SD26-Students/blob/main/Proj-SAT-Grader-UI/C05/ipo-charts.md); its length is a feature, not a flaw — it is the machine listing every output one reload must refresh.

FR5 quoted exactly:

The app *shows* the AI score; it never trusts it blindly. Deciding the **final** score is a human job, and the pseudocode has two algorithms precisely to make that split explicit. Algorithm 1 (above) is automated. **Algorithm 2 is a teacher procedure the app deliberately never automates.** Design note 1, quoted exactly:

The reconcile view is Algorithm 2 on screen:


Three reference scores are shown side by side — Calculated (8), AI (8), and a place for the cross-mark — and the teacher types the **Final** and a note. The app presents; the human decides. Algorithm 2's decision structure, quoted from the pseudocode:

On screen, Calculated 8 and AI 8 agree — the `Max − Min = 0` branch — so the note reads "AI (8) matches calculated (8) — confirmed."

The object descriptions model the **problem domain** — the classes you would design *before* choosing an implementation style. (The real app is built function-over-data, not from these classes; more on that below.) The class diagram, verbatim from the artefact:

Notice the line shapes. Teaching point 1, quoted exactly:

So `Student *-- CriterionGrade` is a filled diamond (composition: the grades belong to that student and die with them), while `CriterionGrade --> Criterion` is a plain arrow (association: the rubric is shared, not owned). The diamond is not decoration — it encodes who owns what.

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You have seen "computed, never stored" appear in four tools. Now trace a different idea **yourself**. The anti-AI-cheating check — *the standard observed in class was not reproduced under assessment conditions* — lives, like that sentence, in three artefacts at once:

1. **Pseudocode**, as the guard at the top of Algorithm 2: a `FOR EACH indicator` loop that flags `REVIEW` when `HighestBand(indicator.validation) < HighestBand(indicator.observation)` — in [pseudocode-final-score.md](https://github.com/vce-soft-dev/SD26-Students/blob/main/Proj-SAT-Grader-UI/C05/pseudocode-final-score.md).

2. **Object descriptions**, as the method `validation_gap()` on `IndicatorEvidence` — in [object-descriptions.md](https://github.com/vce-soft-dev/SD26-Students/blob/main/Proj-SAT-Grader-UI/C05/object-descriptions.md).

3. **Data dictionary**, as the two evidence fields it compares: `…evidence[i].observation` and `…evidence[i].validation` — in [data-dictionary.md](https://github.com/vce-soft-dev/SD26-Students/blob/main/Proj-SAT-Grader-UI/C05/data-dictionary.md).

Open all three and answer in your design log:

1. The pseudocode guard and the `validation_gap()` method describe the *same* comparison. Quote the condition from each and show they are the same test written two ways.

2. The data dictionary says `validation` is "Evidence under assessment conditions (no AI / outside help); confirms the judgement." Why does a *lower* validation band than observation band suggest a problem worth reviewing?

3. Is `validation_gap` a **stored** value or a **derived** one? Which tool would you cite to justify your answer, and how does that connect back to "computed, never stored"?

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Open these on GitHub and read the originals. Each is the artefact a section above quotes.

| Artefact | Link |

| --- | --- |

| SRS (FR/NFR tables, §7 data model, MoSCoW scope) | [SRS/SRS.md](https://github.com/vce-soft-dev/SD26-Students/blob/main/Proj-SAT-Grader-UI/SRS/SRS.md) |

| Data dictionary (stored §4, derived §5) | [C05/data-dictionary.md](https://github.com/vce-soft-dev/SD26-Students/blob/main/Proj-SAT-Grader-UI/C05/data-dictionary.md) |

| IPO charts (system-level + generated event rows) | [C05/ipo-charts.md](https://github.com/vce-soft-dev/SD26-Students/blob/main/Proj-SAT-Grader-UI/C05/ipo-charts.md) |

| Pseudocode (Algorithm 1 automated, Algorithm 2 teacher procedure) | [C05/pseudocode-final-score.md](https://github.com/vce-soft-dev/SD26-Students/blob/main/Proj-SAT-Grader-UI/C05/pseudocode-final-score.md) |

| Object descriptions (class diagram + teaching points) | [C05/object-descriptions.md](https://github.com/vce-soft-dev/SD26-Students/blob/main/Proj-SAT-Grader-UI/C05/object-descriptions.md) |

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1. One SRS sentence appears in all four design tools. Quote it, then name the **form** it takes in each tool: the data dictionary, the object descriptions, the pseudocode, and the IPO charts.

>| The sentence is SRS §7: "Derived values (bands, calculated scores, totals, ranks) are computed, never stored." In the **data dictionary** it is a separate §5 "Derived values (computed, never stored)" table. In the **object descriptions** it is the attribute-vs-method split — `final` is a stored attribute, `calculated()` is a derived method. In the **pseudocode** it is Algorithm 1, which derives the calculated score from inputs every time. In the **IPO charts** it is the `live_summary` / `band_of` rows that recompute on every keystroke — only possible because the values are never stored.

2. Why is `final` an **attribute** but `calculated()` a **method**?

>| `final` is the teacher's reconciled decision — a value you *store*, because it cannot be re-derived from anything (it is a judgement). `calculated()` is a weighted average of the indicator scores — a value you *derive on demand* from inputs that already exist, so storing it would break "computed, never stored". Attribute = stored input; method = derived output.

3. Algorithm 2 contains the words "teacher's judgement" instead of a formula. Why is that a deliberate design decision, not a missing piece of the algorithm?

>| Design note 1 says so: "The final score is never computed … the app automates the references, not the judgement." FR5 makes the app read-only toward the AI score, and reconciling calculated vs AI vs cross-mark is a moderation decision a human must own. Replacing the judgement with a formula (e.g. averaging) would make the app decide grades — and design note 3 explicitly forbids averaging across a disagreement of 2 or more, because a large gap signals mis-banded evidence to re-examine, not a number to split.

4. What makes the IPO charts unable to drift apart from the build?

>| They are **generated from the app's own event wiring** by `tools/generate_ipo.py` — each chart is read straight out of the Gradio `trigger.change(process, [inputs], [outputs])` handlers. The build *is* the source of the chart, so you regenerate after any wiring change (`uv run python tools/generate_ipo.py`) and the design updates with it. A hand-written chart can fall out of date; a generated one cannot.

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- [From SRS to Detailed Designs — Mock-ups](From%20SRS%20to%20Detailed%20Designs%20-%20Mock-ups) — the sibling page: traces a *screen* (FR3, FR9, FR6) from SRS → wireframe → build → correction, where this page traces the *data and logic*.

- [Data Dictionary](Data%20Dictionary) — teaches the data-dictionary tool in general (headings, why "format" is not "type"); this page shows it working with the other three on a real project.

- [IPO Charts - Process Means Steps](IPO%20Charts%20-%20Process%20Means%20Steps) — teaches the IPO tool in general (Process = numbered steps); this page shows a generated IPO chart in context.

- [VCAA Pseudocode Not Python](VCAA%20Pseudocode%20Not%20Python) — teaches language-independent pseudocode in general; this page shows two real algorithms doing the work.

- [Object Descriptions and Class Diagrams](Object%20Descriptions%20and%20Class%20Diagrams) — teaches the object-description tool in general (attributes, methods, reading a class diagram); this page shows a real class diagram tied to the data rule.

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